I-Acetonitrile: Isisombululo esisebenzako ne-Reagent yokwenza izinto eziphilako
Iindawo ezikulu zokusebenza
Ekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali, i-acetonitrile yi-solvent esetjenziswa khulu ekuhlaziyweni kwe-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) kanye ne-gas chromatography (GC). Inokuncibilika okuhle kanye nokunamathelana okuphasi, ukuncibilikisa kuhle imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yamakhompawundi we-organic ne-inorganic ukunikela imiphumela ecacileko yokuhlaziya. I-Acetonitrile nayo isetjenziselwa ukulungiselela iinsombululo ezijayelekileko kanye namanzi wokulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlaziywa.
Ekukhiqizeni kwezinto eziphilako, i-acetonitrile yi-solvent eqakathekileko nephakathi. Ingancibilikisa amakhompawundi ahlukahlukeneko we-organic, inikela ngendawo ezinzileko yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwezinye izinto eziphakathi kwezokwelapha kanye namakhompawundi wephunga, i-acetonitrile ingasebenza njengesisombululo ukukhuthaza ukusabela. Ukungezelela, i-acetonitrile ingahlanganyela ekuphenduleni okuthileko kwamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza amakhompawundi anemisebenzi ethileko. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-acetonitrile ingadlula ekuphenduleni kwe-nucleophilic substitution neqembu layo le-cyano ukukhiqiza amakhompawundi we-amine nofana we-alcohol.
Ebubulweni lemithi, i-acetonitrile isetjenziswa khulu ekubunjweni kwemithi kanye neenkambiso zokuhlanza. Ingancibilikisa imihlobo ehlukileko yemithi eyandulelako nephakathi, okwenza kube lula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuphumelelako. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwamanye ama-anthibhayothikhi nemithi yenhliziyo, i-acetonitrile ingasebenza njenge-solvent ukwandisa amazinga wokuphendula kanye nokukhiqiza. Phezu kwalokho, i-acetonitrile ingasetjenziselwa ukwenza iindakamizwa kube makristalu nokuhlanza ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwemithi nekhwalithi.
Ebubulweni lephunga nezithambiso, i-acetonitrile isetjenziselwa ukwakheka nokuhlanza amakhompawundi wephunga. Ingasetjenziselwa ukukhipha amalunga wemvelo, afana namafutha aqakathekileko eentjalweni. Phezu kwalokho, i-acetonitrile ingasetjenziselwa ukwenza amakhompawundi wephunga elinamaphunga ahlukileko wamakha nezimonyo.
Ebubulweni le-elekthronikhi, i-acetonitrile isetjenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza ne-solvent. Ingasusa kuhle iinsalela nokusilaphazeka ebusweni beengcenye ze-elekthronikhi, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza kweengcenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekwenziweni kwe-semiconductor, i-acetonitrile ingasetjenziselwa ukuhlanza ubuso bama-wafer, ukususa iinsalela ze-photosist nezinye iinsila.
Nanyana isetjenziswa ngendlela ehlukileko, i-acetonitrile iyatjhuguluka begodu inobuthi, begodu ukusetjenziswa kwayo nokugcinwa kwayo kutlhoga iinqabo eziqinileko zokuphepha. I-acetonitrile iyahwamuka lula emoyeni, njeke kufanele isetjenziswe endaweni enomoya omuhle. Ukungezelela, iinsombululo ze-acetonitrile zinobuthi, begodu iinsetjenziswa zokuzivikela ezifaneleko kufanele zigqokwe lokha nazisetjenziswako ukubalekela ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo. Ekukhiqizeni kwezebubulo, ukusetjenziswa kwe-acetonitrile kuvamise ukwenzeka eenhlelweni ezivaliweko ukwehlisa umthelela wemvelo.
Iinqophiso
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Acetonitrile | |||||||||
| Ifomula yamakhemikhali | C2H3N | |||||||||
| Ubunzima bamamolekhyuli | 41.05 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ukuvela | Uketshezi olungenambala olukhanyayo | |||||||||
| Indawo yokuncibilika | -45.7°C | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubila | 81.6°C | |||||||||
| Ukuminyana | 0.003 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 75-05-8 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 2926909090 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS NO | 200-835-2 | |||||||||
| Isibawo | Isetjenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilako, ukukhipha, imithi ephakathi, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic. | |||||||||
Iphepha lokulawula ikhwalithi
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Acetonitrile | ||||||
| I-AYITHEMU | OKUJWAYELEKILEKO(ikhwalithi ephezulu) | INANI LOKUHLOLA (%) | |||||
| Amayunithi we-Chromaticity/HaZen | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Ukuminyana | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm3 | |||||
| Ukuhlanzeka/%≥ | 99.9 | 99.94 | |||||
| Umswakama/%≤ | 0.030 | 0.029 | |||||
| I-Acetone/%≤ | 25 | ＜5 | |||||
| I-Acrylonitrile/%≤ | 25 | ＜5 | |||||
| I-ammonia/%≤ | 6 | 1.1 | |||||
| I-esidi (njenge-acetic acid)/≤ | 50 | 1.8 | |||||
| Ikhopha/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.001 | |||||
| I-Iron/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm3 | |||||
| Ibanga lokubilisa (ku-0.10133 MPa) °C | 81.0-82.0 | 81.6-82.0 | |||||
Ngokufingqa
Ngokufingqa, i-acetonitrile, njengesisetjenziswa esiqakathekileko samakhemikhali we-organic kanye ne-solvent, idlala indima eqakathekileko emabubulweni amanengi. Akukhuphuli ukusebenza kuhle nokukhiqiza kwamakhemikhali kwaphela kodwana kusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwebubulo lesimanjemanje. Ngokuragela phambili kwethekhnoloji, amathuba wokusetjenziswa kwe-acetonitrile azokubanzi khulu.