I-Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): I-Low-Toxicity, High-Efficiency Core Material for Sustainable Chemistry
Iimpawu ze-physicochemical kanye nokuqonda kwama-molecule
Iinzuzo zesakhiwo
Ubuthi obuphasi: Nge-LD₅₀ (yomlomo, igundane) engu-6400 mg/kg, i-DMC iphephe khulu ukudlula ama-ejenti we-methylation wesintu (isib., i-dimethyl sulfate, LD₅₀ = 140 mg/kg), ngokuhambisana nomthetho we-EU REACH malungana nokusilaphazeka okungapheliko.
Ukusabela:
I-methylation: I-methoxy group (-OCH3) yenza bona i-methyl group idluliselwe ngokuphepha, ithathe indawo yezinye iindlela ezinobuthi.
I-carbonylation: Isiqhema se-carbonyl (−CO−) sisiza ukutjhugululwa kwe-ester kanye ne-aminolysis, isekela ukwakhiwa kwama-polycarbonates ngaphandle kwe-phosgene.
Ukuncibilika: Nge-dielectric constant engu-3.1, i-DMC ihlangana kuhle nama-alcohols, ama-ketones, nama-ester, ngesikhathi incibilika kancani emanzini (1.6 g/100 mL ku-20°C).
Idatha eqakathekileko
Indawo yokubila ye-DMC engu-90.5°C yenza bona ilungele ukusabela kwamazinga womtjhiso aphakathi nokubuyiselwa kwe-solvent, okutlhoga amandla amancani ngama-30% ukudlula iinkambo ezisekelwe ku-benzene. Ukunamathela kwayo okuphasi (0.664 mPa・s) kukhuphula ukugeleza eensetjenzisweni ezifana nama-electrolyte webhetri ye-lithium, lokha i-enthalpy yokuhwamuka ye-363 kJ/kg iqinisekisa amazinga wokoma aphakathi kwama-coatings nama-adhesives. Qaphela: Ububanzi bayo bokuqhuma (3.1-20.5% vol) butlhoga iinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezi-防爆 (ezivikela ukuqhuma).
Iinsetjenziswa ezihlukahlukeneko zebubulo
Iintjhuguluko zokuhlanganiswa okuhlaza
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Polycarbonate (PC):
Ikambiso engena-Phosgene: I-DMC isabelana ne-bisphenol A (BPA) ngokusebenzisa i-transesterification ukukhiqiza i-diphenyl carbonate (DPC), ebese i-polymerized ibe yi-PC. Indlela le ikhuphula ukusebenza kuhle kwe-athomu ukuya ku-92% (ngokuqathaniswa nama-65% weendlela ezijayelekileko ze-phosgene) begodu iqeda imikhiqizo enobuthi.
Ukusebenza komkhiqizo: Ama-PC resin aphumelako anikela ngokudlulisa ukukhanya okungu-≥90%, izinga lokushisa lokuhlanekezela ukushisa elingu-135°C, kanye namandla aphezulu we-10% kune-PC evela ku-phosgene, esetjenziselwa amakheyisi we-elekthronikhi kanye nezimbozo zezibane zemoto.
Imithi namakhemikhali wezokulima:
Ukuphendula kwe-Methylation: Kuthatha indawo ye-dimethyl sulfate ekukhiqizeni imithi yenhliziyo (isib., i-nifedipine) kanye nama-antidepressants (isib., i-sertraline), okwenza ngcono isivuno nge-15-20% nge-methanol njengomkhiqizo owodwa.
Ukusetjenziswa kwe-carbonylation: Isetjenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-carbaryl (isibulala-zinambuzane) ukubalekela ukugqwala kwe-HCl, ukwehlisa iindleko ngama-25%.
Amandla amatjha nezinto
I-Lithium Battery Electrolytes:
Ihlanganiswe ne-ethylene carbonate (EC) kanye ne-ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), i-DMC yenza ama-electrolytes alinganako ane-ionic conductivity efika ku-1.2 mS/cm. Lokhu kwandisa ipilo yomjikelezo webhetri ukuya ku-1,200 (ukugcinwa kwamandla ≥85%), ukuhlangabezana nomthethomgomo webhetri we-EU (2023/0051) wobuthi obuphasi. Sele yamukelwe ekukhiqizeni ibhetri ye-Tesla ye-4680.
Iinsetjenziswa ezibolako:
I-copolymerize nge-propylene oxide ukwakha i-polypropylene carbonate (PPC), izinto ezisekelwe ku-DMC zidosa i-40% ye-CO2 bese ziwohloka phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kweli-12, zilungisa iimfesi zeplastiki ezisetjenziselwa kanye namafilimu wezokulima.
Ukugcoba nokunamathela
Iinsombululo ezivikela ibhoduluko: Zithatha indawo ye-toluene/xylene emapendeni we-OEM weenkoloyi, ukufikelela okuqukethwe kwe-VOC ≤50 g/L (ngaphasi khulu kwamazinga we-GB 24409-2020). Isikhathi sokomisa sehliswa sibe ma-awa ama-2, ubudisi befilimu bufinyelela ku-2H.
Iinamatheli ezingena-Formaldehyde: Isetjenziselwa ukubopha iphaneli yefenitjhara, i-DMC-based polyurethane adhesives ine-formaldehyde yamahhala ≤0.01 mg/m3 (ibanga le-E0), esiza i-IKEA ukwehlisa ukukhutjhwa kwe-formaldehyde ngamathani ama-500+ qobe mnyaka.
Iinzuzo zebhoduluko neentjhijilo zethekhnikhi
Amaphuzu aqakathekileko wokusimama
Umnotho we-Athomu: Imikhiqizo efana ne-methanol ingasetjenziswa kabutjha ngokusebenzisa ukuvundiswa, ukwehlisa umthwalo we-COD emanzini angcolileko ngama-70% nayiqathaniswa neenkambo zesiko.
Ukubanjwa kweKhabhoni: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PC engekho nge-phosgene kunciphisa umthamo wekhabhoni ngama-45%, ngesikhathi ithani ngalinye le-DMC elikhiqizwako lisebenzisa amathani angu-0.6 we-CO2 avela kugesi yomlilo wendawo yamandla, okusekela i-CCU (ukubanjwa nokusetjenziswa kwekhabhoni).
Imingcele yokusungula
Ukwehliswa kweendleko: Indlela yokuhlanganisa i-CO2 (ngokusebenzisa i-methanol, i-CO2, kanye nama-catalysts asekelwe ku-Pd) yehlisa iindleko zezinto ezisetjenziswako ngama-30%, lapho isitjalo sokulinga se-Sinopec sifinyelela ukukhiqiza okulinganiselwe nge-kiloton.
Iinsombululo ezihlanzekileko: Ithekhnoloji yokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane ifinyelela i-DMC yezinga le-elekthronikhi enama-ayoni wensimbi ≤1 ppb nokuhlanzeka ≥99.999%, ukuhlangabezana namazinga we-SEMI C87 wokuhlanza ama-semiconductor.
I-Logistics Ephephileko: I-Microencapsulated DMC (ehlanganiswe ngama-SiO2 nanoshells) ikhuphula iphuzu lokukhanya libe ku-60°C, eliqinisekiswe yi-TÜV Rheinland malungana nokuphepha kokuthutha.
Iinqophiso
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Propionic Acid | |||||||||
| Ifomula yamakhemikhali | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Ubunzima bamamolekhyuli | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ukuvela | Uketshezi olungenambala olukhanyayo | |||||||||
| Indawo yokuncibilika | -20.8°C | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubila | 141.1°C | |||||||||
| Ukuminyana | 0.993 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Isibawo | Isetjenziswa kumapulasitiki, imithi, ukudla, iinsombululo kanye namakha | |||||||||
Iphepha lokulawula ikhwalithi
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Propionic Acid | ||||||
| I-AYITHEMU | INANI ELIJWAYELEKILEKO (%) | INANI LOKUHLOLA (%) | |||||
| Okuqukethwe kwe-Propionic Acid, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Ukuminyana(20/20°C) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Ibanga lokubilisa/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Insalela yokuhwamuka, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Amanzi, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| I-Aldehyde, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| ukutjhuguluka okulula, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Njengombana mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Isiphetho | Thambisana namazinga we-GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Kubayini Sikhetha i-DMC yethu?
Amandla amane aqakathekileko
Ukuqinisekiswa kobumsulwa:
Ikambiso yethu yokutjhugululwa okuragela phambili ngokuvundiswa kathathu iletha i-DMC yezinga lebubulo (≥99.5%) kanye nezinga le-elekthronikhi (≥99.99%), nge-methanol ≤100 ppm. Icala: Umthengi webhetri osebenzisa i-DMC yethu uzuze ukusebenza kuhle kokutjhaja nokukhipha kokuthoma okuma-98.7% (isilinganiso sebubulo esingu-95%).
Ikghono lokwenza ngendlela oyifunako:
Iinsombululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-esidi (≤0.001 mgKOH/g), umswakama (≤50 ppm), kanye nama-peroxide (≤5 ppm). Ukwenza isibonelo, sakha i-DMC ye-esidi ephasi khulu (0.0005 mgKOH/g) yokwenza imithi ezwela i-esidi.
Imodeli yomnotho oyindilinga:
Imikhiqizo ye-methanol ibuyiselwa emuva ibe yi-syngas (CO+H2) ukukhiqiza i-DMC, ukufikelela 95% ukusebenza kuhle kwezinto begodu kwehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngamathani amathathu ngethani le-DMC. Ukupakisha kwemfucuza kuhlanzwa nge-CO2 eqakatheke khulu ukobana isetjenziswe godu nge-95%.
Ukuthobela kwephasi loke:
Ukuthobela i-GB/T 1628-2020, i-ASTM D7056, kanye ne-JIS K 1551. Amalebula we-GHS enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye ne-MSDS ahlangabezana neemfuneko zesifunda (isib., i-India BIS, i-Brazil INMETRO), okwenza bona kube nokuhlanzwa kwama-awa ama-72.
Ukuthoma iKhemistri esimemeko
I-Dimethyl Carbonate ibumba kabutjha amabubulo ngokusebenzisa iimfanelo zayo "ezingenabuthi, ezisebenzako, nezisetjenziswa kabutjha". Sizibophelele eenkambisweni ezitjha kanye neensombululo eziphasi zekhabhoni, sinikela ngesizo elipheleleko ukusuka ezintweni ezisetjenziswako ukuya ekusetjenzisweni. Ukukhetha i-DMC yethu kutjho ukusebenzisana nokusimama—lapho ithonsi ngalinye likhuthaza ukwehlisa ukusilaphazeka, ukusetjenziswa kwamandla, nokuthuthukiswa kwethekhnoloji, ndawonye kwakha ingomuso elihlaza lamakhemikhali.