I-Global - Premier TDI: Ibhlogo yokwakha eqakathekileko embonini ye-Polyurethane

Iimfanelo eziphathekako nezamakhemikhali

Ukubukeka nokunuka: I-TDI ivamise ukuvezwa njenge-liquid engenambala ekhanyako nofana ephuzi kancani, evutha khulu. Ikhipha iphunga elibukhali, elinamandla, nelicasulako, elisebenza njengesibonakaliso esiqakathekileko semizwa yobukhona bayo.
Ukuncibilika nokuphendula: Ingahlanganiswa lula neenthako ezihlukahlukeneko ezifana ne-ethanol (ngokubola), i-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, i-diethyl ether, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene, i-chlorobenzene, i-kerosene, kanye namafutha we-olivu. Enye yezinto zayo eziqakathekileko zamakhemikhali kukusabela kwayo namanzi, ukusabela okukhiqiza irhasi ye-carbon dioxide. Ukungezelela, i-TDI ingasabela msinyana namakhompawundi anama-athomu we-hydrogen asebenzako, into esetjenziswa eenkambisweni ezinengi zebubulo.
Izinto eziqakathekileko ezibonakalako: I-TDI inendawo yokubilisa engaba ngu-247°C, okunquma amazinga womtjhiso lapho itjhuguluka khona ukusuka ebujameni obumanzi ukuya ebujameni obufana negesi ngaphasi komfutho womkhathi ovamileko. Indawo yayo yokuncibilika isukela ku-19.5 ukuya ku-21.5℃, okutjengisa amazinga womtjhiso angaphasi kwawo uqina. Indawo yokukhanya ye-TDI yi-127°C, okutjho bona emazingeni womtjhiso la, ingakhiqiza umhwamuko ovuthako lokha nakunomthombo wokuvutha. Ngobukhulu obulinganiselweko obungu-1.217, bukhulu ukudlula amanzi, okunemithelela ekuphathweni kwayo nokuhlukaniswa kwayo eendaweni zamabubulo nezebhoduluko.

Iindawo zokufaka isibawo

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Polyurethane Foam: I-TDI lisisekelo sokukhiqiza amagwebu we-polyurethane, asetjenziswa khulu emabubulweni amanengi. Emkhakheni wefenitjhara, amagwebu we-polyurethane athambileko enziwe nge-TDI zizinto ezikhethwako zokwenza iimqamelo ezikhululekileko nezisekelako emasofeni, eentweni zokuhlala, kanye namamatiresi. Ebubulweni leenkoloyi, amagwebu la asetjenziswa eenhlalweni zeenkoloyi, anikela ukuzigedla nokuphepha ngokuthi amukele ukutjhagala ngesikhathi sokutjhayela. Ukungezelela, amagwebu we-polyurethane asekelwe ku-TDI asetjenziselwa ukuvikela, njengamafriji kanye nezinto zokuvikela izakhiwo, ngebanga lezakhiwo zawo ezihle khulu zokuvikela ukutjhisa.
Ukugcoba nokunamathela: I-TDI idlala indima eqakathekileko ekwakhiweni kweengubo ezisebenza kuhle khulu kanye nama-adhesive. Embonini yokugcoba, ama-polyurethane asekelwe ku-TDI asetjenziselwa ukwenza ukugcoba okuqinileko, okungaklwebheki, nokujamelana namakhemikhali wezinto ezihlukahlukeneko, okufaka hlangana iinsimbi, amapulasitiki, kanye neengodo. Iinsetjenziswa lezi zisetjenziselwa ukuqeda iinkoloyi, ukugcotshwa kwephasi, kanye nokugcotshwa kwemitjhini yamabubulo. Emakethe yama-adhesive, i-TDI - equkethe ama-adhesive aqakathekiswa ngamandla wawo wokubopha aqinileko. Zisetjenziswa ekuhlanganiseni ifenitjhara, ukubopha iingcenye zeenkoloyi, begodu nebubulweni lokwakha ukuhlanganisa izinto zokwakha ezihlukahlukeneko.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-elastomer: I-TDI isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-elastomers we-polyurethane, ahlanganisa izakhiwo zerabha nepulasitiki. Ama-elastomers la asetjenziswa eendaweni ezinengi, njengokwenza amasole wezicathulo, lapho anikela khona ukuguquguquka okuhle khulu, ukuqina, nokudonsa ukuthuthumela. Zisetjenziswa godu ekwenzeni ama-seal webubulo nama-gasket, lapho ukujamelana kwazo namakhemikhali, ukutjhwaba, kanye namazinga womtjhiso aphezulu kwenza bona zilungele ukusetjenziswa eendaweni ezimbi.

Iindlela zokuzilungiselela

Iindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza i-phosgenation
2,4 - Indlela ye-Amino Toluene: Ikambiso le ithoma ngokuncibilikisa i-2,4 - amino toluene bese iyincibilikisa ku-chlorobenzene. Isisombululo lesi sibe sesihlanganiswa ne-phosgene ngendlela yamagadango amabili. Kokuthoma, ukusabela kwezinga lokutjhisa eliphasi kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinga lokutjhisa elingu-35 ukuya ku-45℃. Ngemva kwalokho, ukusabela kwezinga lokutjhisa eliphezulu kwenzeka emazingeni womtjhiso angaphasi kwe-130°C. Ngemva kokuthi ukusabela kuphelile, igesi ye-nitrogen ingeniswa ukukhipha nanyana ngiyiphi i-hydrogen chloride engakaphenduli kanye ne-phosgene enengi. I-chlorobenzene ibe seyihlungwa, begodu igadango lokugcina lifaka hlangana ukuvundiswa nge-vacuum ukuthola i-TDI ehlanzekileko.
Indlela ye-Nitro Toluene: Ngalendlela, i-nitro toluene ithoma nge-nitrated bese yehliswa ukuthola i-2,4 - diaminotoluene. I-intermediate le ibe seyenziwa ngaphasi kwe-phosgenation, lapho ihlangana khona ne-phosgene ukwakha i-TDI. Umxube wokusabela uyasetjenziswa ukuhlukanisa nokuhlanza umkhiqizo we-TDI.
Ezinye iindlela ezivelako
Iindlela ezingezizo ze-Phosgene: Eminyakeni esanda kwedlula, kube nokutjheja okukhulako ekuthuthukiseni iindlela ezingezizo ze-phosgene ukukhiqiza i-TDI ngomzamo wokwehlisa umthelela webhoduluko ohlotjaniswa nokusetjenziswa kwe-phosgene. Ukwenza isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo luhlola ukusetjenziswa kwamanye ama-reagents kanye nobujamo bokuphendula ukwenza i-TDI ngaphandle kwesidingo se-phosgene. Kodwana, iindlela lezi zisesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa begodu azikazuzi ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwezokuthengisa.

Iinqabo

Iingozi zezamaphilo: Umhwamuko we-TDI ubeka ubungozi obukhulu epilweni yabantu. Icasula khulu emehlweni, isikhumba, nendlela yokuphefumula. Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside nofana ngokuphindaphindiweko kungabangela imiraro yezamaphilo, okufaka hlangana imiraro yokuphefumula efana ne-bronchitis, isifuba - amatshwayo afana, begodu kezinye izehlakalo, ubujamo obumbi khulu njenge-bronchiectasis kanye nobulwelwe behliziyo yamaphaphu. Ukwenza isibonelo, amagundwana avezwe emazingeni aphakathi kwe-(0.5 - 1) × 10⁻6 ama-awa asithandathu ngelanga, emalangeni ama-5 ukuya kwali-10, atjengiswe bona ahlulwa yimiphumela enobuthi. Ebantwini, ukuphefumula amazinga aphasi njenge-0.0005mg/L kungabangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu nokuphelelwa mumoya.

Ubungozi bokuvutha nokuqhuma: I-TDI lilitshezi elivuthako, begodu umhwamuko walo ungenza imihlanganisela eqhumako nomoya. Lokha nawuvezwa emalangabini avulekileko, iinhlansi, nofana umtjhiso omkhulu, kunengozi ekulu yokutjhisa nokuqhuma. Ngalokho-ke, iindlela ezifaneleko zokubulunga nokuphatha ziqakathekile ukukhandela ubungozi obunjalo.
Ukugcinwa nokuphathwa: I-TDI kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholileko, enommoya omuhle engekho kude nokukhanya kwelanga, imithombo yokutjhisa, nemithombo yokuvutha. Iintjalo zokugcina kufanele zivalwe kuhle ukukhandela ukuvuza komhwamuko. Njengombana ikghona ukusabelana namanzi nezinye izinto, kufanele igcinwe ngokwehlukana nezinto ezingasabelana nayo, njengezinto ezikhiqiza i-oksijini. Ngesikhathi sokuphathwa, kufanele kugqokwe iinsetjenziswa zokuzivikela ezifaneleko, okufakahlangana amagilavu ​​angamelana namakhemikhali, amagilasi wokuphepha, kanye nokuvikela ukuphefumula, ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuvezwa.

Iinqophiso

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