I-Potassium Hydroxide: Ikhemikhali enamandla ene-alkaline nesebenza ngeendlela ezinengi
Iindawo ezikulu zokusebenza
Ukusetjenziswa okukhulu kwe-potassium hydroxide kufaka hlangana ukusetjenziswa kwayo njenge-alkaline catalyst eqinileko, i-ejenti ye-saponification, i-pH regulator, corrosion inhibitor, kanye ne-electrolyte. Ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, i-potassium hydroxide yi-alkaline catalyst eqinileko esetjenziswa khulu engakhuthaza ukusabela okuhlukahlukeneko kwe-organic ne-inorganic, njengokwenza i-ester ibe yi-sapon, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi kwama-alcohols, kanye ne-alkaline catalysis ekukhiqizeni kwe-organic. Inikela ngendawo ene-alkaline khulu ukuqinisekisa bona ukusabela kuragela phambili kuhle. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekwenzeni isibhamu, i-potassium hydroxide yi-ejenti eqakathekileko yokwenza isibhamu esitjhugulula amafutha abe sibhamu ne-glycerin, okwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuzinza.
Ebubulweni lemithi, i-potassium hydroxide isetjenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemithi ethileko. Ingalawula i-pH yeensombululo zemithi ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwazo nokutholakala kwazo. Ukungezelela, i-potassium hydroxide isetjenziselwa ukulungiselela imithi ene-alkaline, njengamanye ama-antibiotics nama-amino acid we-alkaline. Ebubulweni le-elekthronikhi, i-potassium hydroxide yi-electrolyte eqakathekileko esetjenziswa khulu emabhetri we-alkaline namaseli wephethiloli. Inikela ngebhoduluko elizinzileko le-alkaline ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kuhle kwamabhetri namaseli wephethiloli. Ukwenza isibonelo, emabhetri we-nickel-metal hydride, i-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhetri nokukhipha ipilo yomjikelezo.
Embonini yokudla, i-potassium hydroxide sisithasiselo sokudla esiphephileko esisetjenziselwa ukulawula i-esidi nofana i-alkalini yemikhiqizo yokudla, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kwayo. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni amaswidi athileko namatjhokolethi, i-potassium hydroxide isetjenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH yemikhiqizo, ukwenza ngcono ukunambitheka nokuthungwa kwayo. Ekuhlanzeni amanzi, i-potassium hydroxide isetjenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH yamanzi nokususa ukusilaphazeka okune-esidi. Ingaphinde isetjenziselwe ukuqeda amanzi angcolileko ane-esidi ukuhlangabezana namazinga wokukhipha amanzi webhoduluko. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolileko webubulo, i-potassium hydroxide isetjenziselwa ukuqeda amanzi angcolileko ane-esidi, ukukhandela ukusilaphazeka kwebhoduluko.
I-potassium hydroxide yikhemikhali enamandla ene-alkaline eneempawu eziqakathekileko zokugqwala. Ngesikhathi sokusetjenziswa nokugcinwa, kufanele igcinwe ivaliwe ukugwema ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo. Iinsetjenziswa zokuzivikela ezifaneleko, ezifana namagilavu, amagilasi, kanye nezambatho zokuzivikela, kufanele zigqokwe lokha naziphathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
Iinqophiso
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Potassium Hydroxide | |||||||||
| Ifomula yamakhemikhali | KOH | |||||||||
| Ubunzima bamamolekhyuli | 56.11 | |||||||||
| Ukuvela | Ipuyere emhlophe nofana okuqinileko | |||||||||
| Indawo yokuncibilika | 380°C | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubila | 1324°C | |||||||||
| Ukuminyana | 2.044 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 1310 - 58 - 3 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 28152000 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS NO | 215 - 181 - 3 | |||||||||
| Isibawo | Amakhemikhali, amabhetri, iinsetjenziswa zokuhlanza, njll. | |||||||||
Iphepha lokulawula ikhwalithi
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Potassium Hydroxide | ||||||
| I-AYITHEMU | INANI ELIJWAYELEKILEKO (%) | INANI LOKUHLOLA (%) | |||||
| KOH | ≥90.0 | 90.38 | |||||
| K2CO3 | ≤0.5 | 0.3 | |||||
| I-CLORIDE(CL) | ≤0.005 | 0.0048 | |||||
| I-Sulfate(SO)4 | ≤0.002 | 0.00% | |||||
| I-Nitrate ne-Nitrite(N) | ≤0.0005 | 0.0001 | |||||
| Fe | ≤0.0002 | 0.00015 | |||||
| Lokho | ≤0.5 | 0.48 | |||||
| PO4 | ≤0.002 | 0.0009 | |||||
| SIO3 | ≤0.01 | 0.0001 | |||||
| AL | ≤0.001 | 0.0007 | |||||
| LOKHO | ≤0.002 | 0.001 | |||||
| Ngaphakathi | ≤0.0005 | 0.0005 | |||||
| I-Heavy Metal(PB) | ≤0.001 | Awa | |||||
| Ukuvela | Amaflekhi amhlophe | ||||||
| IZINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA | Ibanga eliphezulu | ||||||
Ngokufingqa
Ngokufingqa, i-potassium hydroxide, njengekhemikhali eqinileko ene-alkaline nesebenza ngeendlela ezinengi, idlala indima eqakathekileko ekucubunguleni amakhemikhali, imithi, i-elekthronikhi, ukudla, kanye nokuhlanza amanzi. Akuthuthukisi ukusebenza nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo kwaphela kodwana isekela nokuthuthukiswa kwebubulo lesimanjemanje. Ngokuragela phambili kwethekhnoloji nokufunwa okukhulako kwamakhemikhali asebenzako, amathuba wokusetjenziswa kwe-potassium hydroxide azokubanzi khulu.