Ama-Polyols: Iinsetjenziswa ezinengi ezisetjenziselwa amabubulo nezabathengi
Iindawo ezikulu zokusebenza
Ebubulweni lamakhemikhali, ama-polyol zizinto eziqakathekileko zokukhiqiza izinto ezinesisindo esiphezulu samamolekhyuli afana nama-polyester, ama-polyether, nama-polyurethane. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-ethylene glycol isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), esetjenziswa khulu emabhodleleni weplastiki kanye nemicu. I-Polyethylene glycol (PEG) isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-surfactant ahlukahlukeneko nama-lubricant. Phezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasebenza njengeensombululo ukuncibilikisa amakhompawundi ahlukahlukeneko we-organic, okwenza bona kube nokusebenza kuhle kokuphendula.
Ebubulweni lemithi, ama-polyol asetjenziswa khulu njengeenthako, iplastiki, kanye nama-humectant. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-propylene glycol ne-glycerol zivamise ukusetjenziswa ekulungiseleleni imijovo, amanzi womlomo, kanye namafutha ukwenza ngcono ukuncibilika nokuzinza kwemithi. Phezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza imithi ekhutjhwa ngokulawulwa, ukulawula izinga lokukhutjhwa kwemithi.
Ebubulweni lokudla, ama-polyol asetjenziswa njengezinto ezithambisako, ezithambisako, kanye nama-emulsifiers. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-glycerol kanye ne-polyethylene glycol zingasetjenziswa ekwenzeni ama-confectionery, izinto ezibhakiweko, kanye neziselo, ukunikela ubumnandi nokugcinwa komswakama. Phezu kwalokho, ama-polyols angasetjenziselwa ukulungisa ukuthungwa nomuzwa womlomo wokudla, ukunweba isikhathi sokudla.
Ebubulweni lezinto zokuzilungisa nokutlhogomela isikhumba, ama-polyol asetjenziswa khulu njenge-humectants ne-emulsifiers. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-propylene glycol ne-glycerol zingadonsa amanzi, zigcine isikhumba neenhluthu zimanzi. Phezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasetjenziswa ekwenzeni ama-sunscreen, ama-shampoo, kanye nama-conditioner, anikela ngemiphumela yokuthambisa nokuthambisa.
Ebubulweni lamaplastiki, ama-polyol asetjenziswa njengeplastiki ukuthuthukisa ukutjhuguluka nokusetjenziswa kwamaplastiki. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-glycerol ne-polyethylene glycol ingasetjenziswa njengeplastiki ye-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), okwenza ngcono ukuguquguquka nokuqina kwayo. Ukungezelela, ama-polyol angasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki abolako, ukwehlisa umthelela wemvelo.
Ebubulweni lokugcoba nama-inki, ama-polyol asetjenziswa njengeenthako kanye nama-emulsifiers. Zingancibilikisa ama-resin ahlukahlukeneko nama-pigment, okwenza bona kube nezakhiwo ezihle zokwenza ifilimu. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-polyethylene glycol ingasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-coating asekelwe emanzini nama-inki, okunikela ngeensombululo ezingalimazi ibhoduluko nezisebenzako.
Iinqophiso
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Polyester Polyols | |||||||||
| Ukuvela | Uketshezi olunganambala ukuya kombala ophuzi okhanyako nofana okuqinileko | |||||||||
| Ubunzima bamamolekhyuli | 500-5000 g/mol | |||||||||
| Indawo yokubila | >200 | |||||||||
| Ubumsulwa | 98%,99.5% | |||||||||
| Ukuminyana | 1.10-1.15 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 3907910000 | |||||||||
| Isibawo | Iinsetjenziswa ze-polyurethane, iinki; amasole wezicathulo, ama-seal, amathayi | |||||||||
Iphepha lokulawula ikhwalithi
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-Polyester Polyols | ||||||
| I-AYITHEMU | Ibanga | Umphumela | |||||
| I-Chroma(APHA) | ≤30 | 11 | |||||
| Ukunamathela ku-25°C (mPas) | 1100-1500 | 1296 | |||||
| Okuqukethwe kwamanzi (%) | ≤0.08 | 0.017 | |||||
| Inani le-Hydroxyl (mgKOH/g) | 32.5-35.5 | 34.2 | |||||
| Inani le-esidi (meKOH/s) | ≤0.08 | 0.029 | |||||
| Inani le-pH | 5.0-7.5 | 6.7 | |||||
| K+(mgkg) | ≤5 | 1.0 | |||||
| Isiphetho | Ufaneleka | ||||||
Ngokufingqa
Ngokufingqa, ama-polyols, njengezinto eziqakathekileko zamakhemikhali, adlala indima eqakathekileko emabubulweni amanengi. Azithuthukisi ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo nekhwalithi kwaphela kodwana zisekela nokuthuthukiswa kwebubulo lesimanjemanje. Ngokuragela phambili kwethekhnoloji, amathuba wokusetjenziswa kwama-polyols azokubanzi khulu.