I-N-Propanol: Into eqakathekileko yamakhemikhali we-organic
Iindawo ezikulu zokusebenza
Ebubulweni lamakhemikhali, i-n-propanol yinto eqakathekileko ephakathi ekwenzeni izinto eziphilako. Ingasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakhompawundi ahlukahlukeneko, afana ne-acrylic acid, amakhompawundi we-acrylate, i-propyl acetate, i-propyl urea, kanye ne-bromopropane. Amakhompawundi la asetjenziswa khulu ekwenzeni amaplastiki, ukugcoba, ukunamathela, amakha, kanye neenthako zokudla. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-acrylic acid nama-ester wayo zizinto eziqakathekileko zokukhiqiza ama-coating asebenza kuhle khulu kanye nama-adhesives; i-propyl acetate ivamise ukusetjenziswa emabubulweni we-organic synthesis kanye ne-solvent njenge-solvent enephuzu eliphezulu lokubilisa. Phezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingaphelelwa mamanzi ukwenzela bona ikhiqize i-propylene, okuyinto eqakathekileko yokwenza amapulasitiki we-polypropylene.
Ebubulweni lemithi, i-n-propanol isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemithi. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-probenecid, esetjenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout, ine-n-propanol njengesiphakathi esiqakathekileko ekubunjweni kwayo; i-valproate sodium, umuthi wokulwisana nesifo sokuwa, nayo ithembele ku-n-propanol emsebenzini wayo wokukhiqiza. Phezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol isetjenziswa njengesisombululo seendakamizwa, khulukhulu ekukhiqizeni imijovo kanye namanzi womlomo. Ingancibilikisa iingcenye ezinengi zemithi ezingancibiliki kuhle, ikhuphule ukuzinza nokutholakala kwemithi.
Ezithambiseni nemikhiqizweni yokutlhogomela umuntu, i-n-propanol ivamise ukusetjenziswa njengesisombululo. Ingancibilikisa kuhle iinthako ezihlukahlukeneko ezisebenzako, amakha, kanye nama-pigment, okurhelebha bona izinto lezi zihlakazeke ngcono emikhiqizweni. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni amakha, i-n-propanol ingasetjenziswa njengesisombululo ukusabalalisa ngokulinganako iingcenye zephunga, ukuthuthukisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuzinza kwamakha. Ukungezelela, i-n-propanol ingasetjenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane ekuhlanzeni nokubulala amagciwane ezibhedlela, emalabhorethri, kanye namakhaya. Inemiphumela emihle yokubulala amagciwane, ingabulala amabhaktheriya namagciwane, begodu inokutjhuguluka okulinganiselweko, ingatjhiyi iinsalela ngemva kokusetjenziswa.
Eendaweni zokuhlanza kanye namafutha, i-n-propanol isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza amanzi wamabhuleki. Inokuncibilika okuhle nokuthambisa, ukwehlisa kuhle ukutjhayisana emahlelweni wamabhuleki begodu kwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamabhuleki. Phezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasetjenziswa njengesengezo samafutha emafutheni ahlanganisiweko ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kuhle kokutjhisa. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukungezelela inani elincani le-n-propanol kuphethiloli kungenza ngcono izakhiwo zayo zokulwisana nokungqongqoza nokusebenza kokutjhisa ngesikhathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-ekzosi.
Iimpawu zamakhemikhali ze-n-propanol zenza bona ibe mkhiqizo wamakhemikhali osebenzisekako. Inokuncibilika okuhle begodu ingahlangana namanzi, ama-alcohols, ama-ether, nezinye izinto ezinengi ezincibilikako. Ngezinga lokubilisa elingama-97.2°C kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-127°C, i-n-propanol inobuthi obuphasi kodwana ingabanga ukucasuka emehlweni, emgudwini wokuphefumula, nesikhumba lokha nayiphezulu. Ngalokho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusetjenziswa nokugcinwa, kufanele kugqokwe iinsetjenziswa zokuzivikela ezifaneleko ukubalekela ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo, begodu kufanele kugcinwe ukungena komoya okuhle.
Ebubulweni lemithi, i-n-propanol isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yemithi. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-probenecid, esetjenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout, ine-n-propanol njengesiphakathi esiqakathekileko ekubunjweni kwayo; i-valproate sodium, umuthi wokulwisana nesifo sokuwa, nayo ithembele ku-n-propanol emsebenzini wayo wokukhiqiza. Phezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol isetjenziswa njengesisombululo seendakamizwa, khulukhulu ekukhiqizeni imijovo kanye namanzi womlomo. Ingancibilikisa iingcenye ezinengi zemithi ezingancibiliki kuhle, ikhuphule ukuzinza nokutholakala kwemithi.
Ezithambiseni nemikhiqizweni yokutlhogomela umuntu, i-n-propanol ivamise ukusetjenziswa njengesisombululo. Ingancibilikisa kuhle iinthako ezihlukahlukeneko ezisebenzako, amakha, kanye nama-pigment, okurhelebha bona izinto lezi zihlakazeke ngcono emikhiqizweni. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni amakha, i-n-propanol ingasetjenziswa njengesisombululo ukusabalalisa ngokulinganako iingcenye zephunga, ukuthuthukisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuzinza kwamakha. Ukungezelela, i-n-propanol ingasetjenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane ekuhlanzeni nokubulala amagciwane ezibhedlela, emalabhorethri, kanye namakhaya. Inemiphumela emihle yokubulala amagciwane, ingabulala amabhaktheriya namagciwane, begodu inokutjhuguluka okulinganiselweko, ingatjhiyi iinsalela ngemva kokusetjenziswa.
Eendaweni zokuhlanza kanye namafutha, i-n-propanol isetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza amanzi wamabhuleki. Inokuncibilika okuhle nokuthambisa, ukwehlisa kuhle ukutjhayisana emahlelweni wamabhuleki begodu kwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamabhuleki. Phezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasetjenziswa njengesengezo samafutha emafutheni ahlanganisiweko ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kuhle kokutjhisa. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukungezelela inani elincani le-n-propanol kuphethiloli kungenza ngcono izakhiwo zayo zokulwisana nokungqongqoza nokusebenza kokutjhisa ngesikhathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-ekzosi.
Iimpawu zamakhemikhali ze-n-propanol zenza bona ibe mkhiqizo wamakhemikhali osebenzisekako. Inokuncibilika okuhle begodu ingahlangana namanzi, ama-alcohols, ama-ether, nezinye izinto ezinengi ezincibilikako. Ngezinga lokubilisa elingama-97.2°C kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-127°C, i-n-propanol inobuthi obuphasi kodwana ingabanga ukucasuka emehlweni, emgudwini wokuphefumula, nesikhumba lokha nayiphezulu. Ngalokho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusetjenziswa nokugcinwa, kufanele kugqokwe iinsetjenziswa zokuzivikela ezifaneleko ukubalekela ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo, begodu kufanele kugcinwe ukungena komoya okuhle.
Iinqophiso
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-N-propanol | |||||||||
| MF | C3H8O | |||||||||
| Ukuvela | Uketshezi olunambala olunamathelayo | |||||||||
| Isigaba sengozini | 3 | |||||||||
| Ubumsulwa | 99.5% Min | |||||||||
| MW | 60.1 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 71-23-8 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29094100 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS NO | 200-746-9 | |||||||||
| Awa | 1274 | |||||||||
| Isibawo | Isincibilikisi, iphunga, amakhemikhali aphakathi | |||||||||
Iphepha lokulawula ikhwalithi
| Ibizo lomkhiqizo | I-N-Propyl Alcohol | ||||||
| I-ayithemu | Iinqophiso | Imiphumela | |||||
| Ukuminyana (p20°C)/g/cm3 | 0.795~0.805 | 0.802 | |||||
| okuqukethwe kwe-n-propanol/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Umswakama/%≤ ≤ | 0.1 | 0.02 | |||||
| HaZen≤ | 10 | 5 | |||||
| I-esidi (njenge-acetic acid)/%≤ | 0.003 | 0.001 | |||||
Ngokufingqa
Ngokufingqa, i-n-propanol, njenge-organic compound esebenza ngeendlela ezinengi, idlala indima eqakathekileko emikhakheni eminengi. Ngokuragela phambili kwethekhnoloji nokwanda kweendawo zokusebenzisa, ukufunwa kwemakethe ye-n-propanol kuzokuragela phambili nokukhula. Esikhathini esizako, amathuba wokusetjenziswa kwe-n-propanol azokuba makhulu khulu, khulukhulu emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwebhoduluko nentuthuko esimemeko, lapho i-n-propanol kulindeleke bona ibe yinto eqakathekileko yamakhemikhali aluhlaza.